PEDRO DE ABREU G. DOS SANTOS, PH.D.
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Losing my religion

11/14/2017

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The students in my Political Science Senior Seminar conducted a survey to investigate the beliefs and attitudes of Luther College students. Below are the results they wanted to share about religiosity on campus.

*The report and views of the article below do not necessarily reflect the views of Professor Pedro dos Santos or Luther College.

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Analysis of Data
In order to see how Luther has affected its students’ religiosity, NORP asked the students at Luther to take a survey that would classify their previous and current religious identity. In total, 222 Luther students responded to our survey. Each student was asked how religious they believe they were before they started at Luther and how religious they believe they are now, as well as what religious group they belong to before Luther and what religious group do they currently belong.  Whether it was before their time at Luther or currently, most students responded that they practiced either Protestantism, Catholicism, or no religion at all.

Number of Participants
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The biggest changes were in the “Moderately Religious Category”, which formerly comprised over a third of incoming Luther students but now is less than a quarter of Luther students. Additionally, there has been an overall 5% increase in students who are unsure of their religious intensity before coming to Luther, and an overall 10% increase in students who identify as “Somewhat Religious”. Technically, less students identify with having no religious intensity.
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This chart demonstrates the percentages of ‘trends’, or the number of students whose religiosity increased, decreased, stayed the same, or has become unsure. According to these results, about one fourth of student’s religious intensity has decreased since coming to Luther, while only around one tenth of students’ religious intensity has increased. However, over half of students have experienced no change in their religious intensity, meaning that Luther is (technically) more likely to NOT affect your religious intensity.
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While Luther has an ambiguous impact on religious affiliation (while there is a correlation that half of Luther Students will alter their religious intensity), there is an undeniable trend of Luther moving students away from affiliating themselves with a religion. There has been a definitive jump of affiliating oneself with NO religious tradition, and a decrease in students who align themselves with Protestantism and Catholicism. There is very little representation of Hindu, Buddhist, and Jewish students. In fact, of the two Jewish students coming into Luther, only one has maintained that part of their identity. However, zero students were Buddhist before coming into Luther, with two currently affiliating themselves with the religion (one a Pureland Buddhist, and the other a Christian Buddhist). The sole Hindu respondent has maintained their affiliation.

​Findings

Among other things, we were able to conclude that only 9% of students at Luther are very religious while 25% of students reported that they have experienced a loss in religious beliefs and practices since coming to Luther. According to Luther’s Mission Statement, Luther College is a college of the church. However, according to our findings, it appears as though it is more likely for a student to be less religious or not religious at all after attending Luther College. As an ELCA affiliated school, do you feel that Luther should be taking more steps to provide more religious structure in Luther’s academics? Feel free to tell us what you think about the survey or this question in the comments below. As always, thank you to those that participated in this survey! If you would like to know more about this survey or other surveys we have constructed throughout the semester please attend our seminar presentation this Thursday (November 16th) in Valders 262 at 5:30pm.

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Student Engagement

11/2/2017

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The students in my Senior Seminar course on Media and Politics conducted  poll about student engagement at Luther College. Below are the results.


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Brief Analysis of Data
    Last month, NORP conducted an in-person survey about the level of involvement students at Luther have with various organizations, athletics, and musical groups. In total, 282 Luther students were surveyed, with samples from each grade and gender. In order to better compile our results, we developed three categories: student organizations (Greek Life, Student Senate, SAC, etc.), athletics, and musical ensembles. Each student that was surveyed was not only asked how many organizations, sports, or music ensembles they participate in, but they were also asked which particular group they spend the most time in and how many hours of their week they devote to each group.
Hours Involved
Means (average hours)
    Female: 9.23 hours involved
    Male: 10.34 hours involved
    Both: 9.60 hours involved
Medians (middle number of hours when put in order from greatest to least)
    Female: 7 hours
    Male: 10 hours
    Both: 8 hours
Modes (most common number of hours)
    Female: 10 hours
    Male: 2 hours
    Both: 10 hours

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Activities Involved In
Mean (average number of activities)
    Women: 2.843 activities
    Men: 2.843 activities
Both: 2.807 activities
Median:
    Women: 3 activities
    Men: 3 activities
Both: 3 activities
Mode:
    Women: 2 activities
    Men 2 activities
    Both: 2 activities
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Breakdown of groups:
Due to students being able to write down which activities they spend the most time in, some answers fell into more than one group. In the spirit of inclusivity, we have decided to mark students as mainly involved in more than one category. This means the percentages will NOT add up to 100 percent.
Music: 104 students
        36.76%
    Sports/Athletics: 73 students
        26.80%
    Student orgs: 68 students
        24.03%
Average Hours involved in Extracurriculars
The averages are calculated with the mean of the data, which is presented below:
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Average Mean based on Category:
Total Mean- 9.6 hours
Female Mean- 9.23 hours
Male Mean- 10.34 hours
Music Focused Mean- 8.48 hours
Sport/Athletic Focused Mean- 15.86 hours
Organization Focused Mean- 6.46 hours

Average Hours involved in Extracurriculars
The following data is calculated by finding the median, first quartile, and second quartile of the data:
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Findings:
Luther students pride themselves on their level of involvement in a variety of different student groups. We created this survey in order to find out if Luther students are as involved as they claim to be, which grade and/or gender is the most involved, and if there were changes in the levels of involvement between the freshman and senior years of college. There are a variety of ways to breakdown our findings and compare them with our sample groups to draw various conclusions about the level of involvement particular people at Luther have. For example, our findings show that more females are involved in music than males, however more males are involved in athletics compared to females.
These results represent the information collected from our survey in the Cafeteria. Keep in mind that these numbers are not the exact numbers from all students currently attending Luther. These numbers are projections based off of our sample of over 10% of students. If you have any comments about the survey results or polling method, feel free to post your comments and questions on our Facebook page. Thank you to all of those that volunteered their time to fill out our survey!
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Blue Turf Poll

10/10/2017

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This year Luther College installed a blue turf on the college's football field. I saw some interesting discussions on Facebook about the blue turf, mostly by alumni. I was not sure, however, how the student population felt about it. 

Unrelated to the new blue turf, this year I am teaching the Political Science Senior Seminar here at Luther, titled Media and the Political Process. In the beginning of the year I gave the nine students a choice between doing a traditional research paper individually, or work together as a group on an issue related to media and politics. They all chose to work together on one project related to polling and survey in Political Science. This is how the Norse Organization for Research and Polling (NORP) was created. 

Their first "snap poll" (a quick poll asking a question important to the Luther community on Facebook and Twitter) asked how people felt about the new blue turf (which can only be blue because Boise State was cool with it).  Below is the group's report of the results of their poll.
 

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Brief Analysis of Data

​After closing the study, the NORP statistical analysis went through the raw data and removed all of the answers from duplicate IP addresses, approximately 8 repeat answers, and we ended up with 291 responses in total. Of the 291 in total, 254 respondents were students (87.3 percent of respondents), eighteen of the respondents were past Luther students (6.2 percent of respondents), and seventeen of the respondents were faculty or staff (5.8 percent). Two respondents did not answer their affiliation (.7 percent).


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 What is Margin of Error?

The margin of error provides an estimate of how much the results of the sample may differ due to chance when compared to what would have been found if the entire population was interviewed (1)

Margin of Error (MoE), for our 90 Percent Confidence

​Love it MoE (+/- 4.9%), range of 28.2-38%
Like it MoE (+/- 4.5%), range of 20.3-29.3%
Take it or Leave it MoE (+/- 4.2%), range of 16.7%-25.1%
Dislike it MoE (+/- 3.6%), range of 10.2%-17.4%
​ Hate it MoE (+/- 2.7%), range of 4.8-10.2%
Fall 2017 Estimation in Consideration of MoE Total Fall 2017 Enrollment: 2053 Love it: 579-780 students Like it: 417-602 students Take it or Leave it: 343-515 students Dislike it: 209-357 students Hate it: 99-209 students


Discussion and Analysis:

The sample size of students who took this study was around 12.4% percent of the student body (254 students), but when presenting these results we must confront the potential of the non-response bias, which is likely to occur in our survey due to student apathy towards the blue turf. In this case, we believe that the answer “Take it or Leave it” has the potential to be higher than we have found in this survey. However, our purpose of this survey wasn’t to measure student apathy, but rather which opinions students had towards the new blue turf. We acknowledge that the non-response has a prominent impact on our results, and that the answer ‘Take it and Leave it’ is most likely underreported, but will move forward with the fact that our findings are generally more in favor of the blue turf than against it.

With this in mind, our findings show that more students are generally in favor of the blue turf. Even if our findings are slanted in disfavor of the blue turf, 48.5% of students we sampled have a positive view of the blue turf, in comparison to 27.6% of students having a negative opinion of the blue turf. We found these numbers by utilizing the lowest possible percentage of our ‘Love it’ and “Like it’ Margin of Error, and the highest possible percentages from the margin of error for our ‘Dislike it’ and ‘Hate it’ answers. An alternative reading, slanted in favor of the blue turf, where we maximize positive opinions in the upper range of the margin of error, and minimize negative opinions using the lowest range of the margin of error, show a difference of 67.3% to 15% favoring favorable blue turf opinions.

​ In short, the sampled students are in favor of the blue turf.

Citations:
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(1) Roper Center, “Polling Fundamentals- Total Survey Error,” Cornell University, https://ropercenter.cornell.edu/support/polling-fundamentals-total-survey-error/, (Accessed 10 October 2017).


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