By Alexa DeLeon

Going abroad to Brazil was something I did not expect to do. For those who know me, I am extremely comfortable being comfortable. Getting out of my comfort zone is not something I ever look forward to and often not something I voluntarily like to do.

However, stepping out of my comfort zone became surprisingly easy here in Bahia. Whether it was asking questions to the speakers during lectures, going to the beach, attempting to speak to people in Portuguese, dancing, or jumping from the boat into the water (with a life vest, of course), I found myself embracing new experiences with an open heart.
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Coming in, I knew I wanted to let loose and create new memories, but I really did not see myself doing the things I did during my time in Bahia. The first workshop was on Capoeira with Mestre Sapoti during the first week. I did not want to participate; I just wanted to watch because it was interesting, but I knew it was something I would not do. The instructor made sure we all participated and even had us go in the middle to do some of the steps. I could not say no because it seemed like everyone else was okay with it. I noticed myself being stiff and not really engaging, but I still participated. I was intrigued but did not put in all the effort I should have, though at the time, just being part of it was enough to say I did it.

​The next activity that was extremely out of my comfort zone was the Afro-Brazilian dance workshop with Antonio Cozido. I have two left feet, and it takes me a long time to learn the steps. Dancing is one of my least favorite things to do because I feel like everyone is watching me make mistakes. This workshop was not what I expected at all. I attempted to dance, pushing through my discomfort and insecurities. The instructor had a lot of patience with me, which brought me a lot of comfort and helped me accept the discomfort. In the end, I realized how fun it was. It was intimidating in the beginning, but I slowly started to let loose, not only to participate but to show the group that although I did not really want to do it, I was trying.

At the beginning of the program, I used Google Translate every day to communicate with my host family. I was afraid to make mistakes and make a fool out of myself, so to keep it safe, I used the translator. Meals at the dinner table were silent, and to me, silence is extremely uncomfortable, but attempting to speak a language I was not fluent in was even more so. As the days went on, the conversations at the dinner table became more verbal. I became more comfortable not only attempting to understand but to speak it too.
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One of the most recent things I did was jump off the boat into the water. I do not really know how to swim, and I freak out when I cannot touch the bottom, but surprisingly, I had a burst of adrenaline and wanted to jump in with my friends. They told me if I did not know how to swim, I should not jump in, but I really wanted to and ended up wearing a life vest. Never in my 20 years of life would I have done that, but being in a different country, specifically in Brazil, helped me so much.

​Throughout the weeks, I noticed how uncomfortable people in Brazil have been for years to be where they are today. Learning the history of slaves, the struggles of women, and the number of battles that must be fought today taught me that life is meant to be uncomfortable. Humans are supposed to step out of their comfort zone. For me, stepping out of my comfort zone changed my entire mentality. I think getting that rush of adrenaline was thanks to the struggles I heard about during the lectures here in Brazil. Professor Clarice Mota, the speaker for the Racism and Health in Brazil lecture, talked to us about the struggles of black students. As I reflect, I understand how uncomfortable an education is for them, not because they do not want it, but because it is something new, and they must fight against the prejudices that surround them. Learning about women’s reality and Lei Maria da Penha has helped me understand how uncomfortable reporting abuse is and how uncomfortable one must be to make a change.

My small out-of-comfort accomplishments might not have made much of an impact, but I choose to believe that these experiences will stay with me forever. My time in Brazil has motivated me to leave comfort behind and embrace being uncomfortable as a positive thing to help myself and others grow. This has been my favorite study abroad program, and it is because of the memories I made and the experiences I gained through my discomfort.
 
Sources:
Lecture on “Women’s relaity and Lei Maria da Penha in Brazil” with Major Denice Santiago. May 24, 2024.

Lecture about Racism and Health in Brzil with Prof. Clarice Mota. May 24, 2024.

Workshop on Capoeira with Maestre Sapoti at Aliancia Francesa. May 17, 2024.
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Workshop about Afro-Brazilian Dance with Antonio Cozido. May 18, 2024 

By ​Ignacio Sanchez Romero

Two recurring themes that I noticed throughout my time in Brazil were tradition and race. These observations broadened my understanding and challenged my assumptions about Brazilian culture and society.

Tradition was the first theme that came through in several experiences. We began our trip by attending a lecture with Professor Willys Santos and Alcides about Candomblé, an Afro-Brazilian religious tradition. This was followed by a Capoeira workshop, a martial art that combines dance, gymnastics, and music. We had the opportunity to engage as well as observe, experiencing the tradition's music and history. 

​Another example of tradition was attending a Bahia football match, where the fans' chants and songs filled the stadium. These experiences demonstrated how deeply embedded traditions are in Brazilian culture. These are not only things from the past; rather, they are ongoing traditions that influence people's identities.

As I gave this some thought, I realized how simple it is to take our traditions for granted. Our cultural identities are built on customs and practices that have been passed down from generation to generation. However, we frequently lose awareness of their importance in the rush of modern life. My time in Brazil made me realize the value of preserving and valuing these traditions. It prompted me to reflect on my own history and the traditions that define me as a Mexican American. I started asking myself deeper questions like, "What does it mean to be a Mexican American?" Who am I and what am I called to do?
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The second theme, race, became visible through everyday observations. Sitting in a food court one day, I noticed a clear division in the area. While the diners, many of whom were white, were passively enjoying their meals and talking about their plans to visit the beach, people of color made up the majority of those handling the cooking, cleaning, and placing orders. This observation echoed what we discussed in class about race and socioeconomic status. It brought attention to the discrepancies and structural injustices that exist everywhere, not only in Brazil. Lençóis was another place where this pattern was visible, with people of color regularly spotted dealing to make ends meet while white tourists were enjoying their holidays. These were some disturbing and eye-opening observations. They showed me how deeply embedded these inequalities are. It was not limited to the food court or Lençóis; it was present everywhere I looked. This difference served as a reminder to me of how important it is to recognize and address these problems, both in Brazil and at home. While it's simple to overlook such realities when they don't directly impact us, this trip made it difficult for me to stay quiet.

Overall, there was more to my trip to Brazil than just a getaway. I had a great opportunity to think about my own identity and learn about a new culture. This experience has increased my understanding of global issues of race and embracing traditions, as well as how they intersect. It has given me a sense of responsibility to spread this awareness and apply it in my daily life. This trip has also taught me the value of being open to new experiences and perspectives. I was able to develop myself and get a broader perspective on the world by getting involved with Brazilian customs and seeing the racial dynamics up close. It served as more proof that traveling is about more than just seeing new places; it's also about having new experiences and growing from them.

My wish is that more students will be able to take part in these kinds of trips, not only to travel to new places, but to learn more about different cultures and global issues. We can experience significant personal growth by being willing to try new things and push ourselves beyond our comfort zones. 

By Morgan Van Beck

As a double major in Political Science and Hispanic Studies with a minor in Latino/Latin American Studies, I thought that I had a pretty good grasp on Latin American history and culture. While this was not incorrect, I was not aware of just how complex Brazil is and how little I really knew about it. None of my Hispanic Studies classes touched upon Brazil, and aside from speaking Portuguese rather than Spanish, it has a very distinct culture and history from the rest of Latin America. What I’ve learned while living in Salvador and traveling around Bahia is that a history of repression and inequality breeds resistance, which in turn creates culture. In short, resistance is culture. 

It helps to turn back the clock to 1500 when the Portuguese first landed in Bahia and started the vicious process of colonization. This led to the forced enslavement and relocation of millions of Africans to Brazil to work on plantations and in mines (Periera 2020). Hundreds of years later, in 1888, Brazil was the last country in the western hemisphere to abolish slavery (Periera 2020). The fact that it took so long to abolish slavery shows how integral it was to the Brazilian economy and how many salves suffered. Salvador is the city in Brazil with the highest percentage of the population being Afro-Brazilian. “Bahia is a state marked by racial inequality,” but it is also marked by a strong presence of traditions of African origin (Pinho 2020, 1). While in Salvador, we saw not only this inequality, but also many cultural elements that sprouted from African traditions and were preserved as a form of resistance. 

A prime example of resistance is salve revolts and the formation of quilombos. While in Minnesota, we learned about historic slave revolts in Bahia and about the quilombo communities that were formed by escaped slaves (dos Santos 2024). Quilombos had contact with the outside world and actively traded, but they were also perfect microcosms to preserve African traditions and resist the cultural impositions of the Europeans. We visited Quilombo Kaonge while in Brazil and were able to see for ourselves how the descendants of escaped slaves maintained the traditional practices that their ancestors preserved. We had the opportunity to learn about the cough syrup and palm oil that they produce and to learn from them about the importance of resisting cultural imposition. 

Carnival might be Brazil’s most famous event. People around the world know what carnival is, but they don’t know where it came from. Carnival has roots in African music, dance, and performance, and when we went to the carnival museum, we learned all about the lesser-known African history (at least for people in the US) of carnival. At the end of the nineteenth century and the beginning of the twentieth century, whites were threatened by African cultural elements in carnival and did their best to “civilize” carnival by emphasizing more European elements (Pinho 2020, 7). However, carnival still retains its African influence. This pattern repeats across Brazilian cultural elements. In response to repression by white elites, Afro-Brazilians resisted and preserved their African-rooted traditions while creating a rich Brazilian culture.

Another example of resistance becoming culture is the practice of candomblé. Candomblé is a religion brought to Brazil by slaves from Africa. We were first introduced to it in the book Crooked Plow, where many of the characters actively practiced candomblé (Vieira Junior 2019). Honestly, I didn’t entirely understand candomblé while we were reading the book back in Minnesota, but since being here, we have had a chance to learn a lot more about the religion that is also a symbol of resistance. Rather than submit to pressure by the Catholic church, African slaves were able to preserve their rich religious history. Now, Candomblé is celebrated as part of Bahian identity. We saw statues of orishas on our ride from the airport and now, after visiting various candomblé temples and hearing lectures about it, we have come to understand just how important it is to life here. ​

Brazilian music and dance are also heavily influenced by African traditions brought by slaves and preserved as a form of resistance. Now, Afro-Brazilians honor and remember their ancestors by continuing to learn these styles of music and dance. We were lucky enough to participate in a samba class, where we immediately noticed strong African rhythms and drumming in the music. We also went to a percussion workshop with Mario Pam, who taught us that drumming and music were not only used as tools of resistance by slaves and their immediate descendants, but by modern Brazilians as well. Afro-Brazilians today are still using music to express themselves and decry the inequalities that they suffer. This means that modern culture is still being shaped by Afro-Brazilian resistance.

Like percussive music and samba dancing, capoeira is another distinctive element of Brazilian culture that has its roots in African traditions. Capoeira is an Afro-Brazilian martial art with elements of dance, music, and acrobatics. It exists today because of efforts by Afro-Brazilians to preserve and promote their culture and heritage. Before coming to Brazil, I had no clue what capoeira was, but now, I see it everywhere. We participated in two Capoeira workshops (one in Salvador and one in Lencois) and saw it performed as part of a folkloric ballet. However, its pervasiveness in culture means that we’ve also seen people doing capoeira at the beach, in parks, and in other public places. It’s just one more element of popular Brazilian culture that comes from resistance efforts by slaves and their descendants.  

​After nearly three weeks in Brazil, one of the things that I noticed the most was the prevalence of Afro-Brazilian resistance, which forms critical parts of Brazilian culture. Almost every day we saw examples of it, and they were not limited to the subjects I discussed above. We also saw Afro-Brazilian resistance in educational institutions, graffiti/street art, and so many other things. Race, inequality, and culture are all woven together into a complex knot. The oppression and inequality that Black Brazilians faced led them to create a rich culture of resistance that they are still contributing to today as inequality and racism continue to take new forms. Brazilian culture is distinctly marked by African traditions introduced by slavery, and it would not be the same without them. Therefore, to fully appreciate Brazilian culture, we need to understand its roots in African tradition and Afro-Brazilian resistance. 

Sources:
Dos Santos, Pedro. “Slave Revolts in Bahia.” YouTube. Uploaded by Pedro dos Santos, 13 February 2024, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WO_syIfkYVQ.

Pereira, Anthony. Modern Brazil a very short introduction. Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press, 2020.
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Pinho, Osmundo. “Race and Cultural Politics in Bahia.” In Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Latin American History, 2020.
 
Vieira Junior, Itamar. Crooked Plow. Verso Books, 2019. 

Morgan Van Beck is a senior Political Science and Hispanic Studies double major with a minor in Latino/Latin American Studies. She is originally from Sartell, Minnesota. Morgan's most formative educational experience was traveling around Guatemala with the Guatemala Human Rights Commission, which inspired the theme of her senior distinguished thesis: human rights abuses in post-conflict societies. Morgan recently received a Fulbright grant to teach English in Colombia and will be moving there shortly after graduation. ​

​By Alaina Rivero & Tania Salgado

One thing Pedro has reiterated on this trip is to take risks and be uncomfortable so you can learn. In the past week of being in Brazil we have stepped out of our comfort zones and ate chicken heart, hiked what seemed to be a million miles up a mountain, and took some dance lessons and watched back videos Pedro took of us only to realize how stiff we are. We have learned so much in such a short time and the days seem to go by terribly fast. We have had lectures about religion, native people, and education in Brazil. But one workshop in specific has piqued our interest. Capoeira is something both Alaina and I have been mesmerized with.

Capoeira is an Afro-Brazilian martial arts form that incorporates acrobatics, dance, percussion, and rhythmic dialogue of body, mind, and spirit. There have been records of Africans and slaves dancing and playing instruments in the 17th century (Pinho 2020, 6). This dance holds power as it has been kept alive and is still taught to kids. We have seen capoeira being performed a few times both in Salvador and Lençóis, and each time we are amazed at how history is kept alive and embraced through music and dance.

On our second day in Salvador, we had a capoeira workshop led by Mestre Sapoti. He first talked about the background of capoeira. It is not certain if capoeira is a dance or a fight. It starts with two people shaking hands and then beginning to move to dodge the opponents’ hits. The group of students that were there with Mestre Sapoti demonstrated for us what capoeira looks like. We loved seeing them do cool tricks like handstands, cartwheels, aerials, and other gymnastic moves.
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After the demonstration, Mestre Sapoti taught us some basic capoeira moves. We paired up trying out the new dance moves feeling more confident in what we were doing. After a few minutes of practicing, he stops us and brings out the musical instruments. He describes each instrument and plays the beat of the song that the students were dancing to. He gives some of us instruments to play while the rest of us sit in a circle. This part of the workshop ties back to what we had read in class about the several municipal laws that were enacted to prohibit “the display of African customs with drumming” (Pinho 2020, 7). Clearly there was no success in the prohibition of displaying African customs with drumming. This goes to show how Afro-Brazilians can never be silenced.

​We both have been amazed at the way empowerment and history lives on through capoeira. We see the power capoeira holds as it continues to embrace the history of Afro-Brazilian people. We understand the importance of keeping capoeira alive and are grateful that we are able to have this experience. We are absolutely loving Brazil and its culture and can’t wait to tell others about everything we’ve learned. 

Sources:
“Capoeira History.” ABADÁ-Capoeira San Francisco (blog). Accessed May 23, 2024.
https://www.abada.org/capoeira-history/

Capoeira workshop with Mestre Sapoti at the school of Alianca Francesa May 17, 2024.

Capoeira workshop at Academia de Mestre Cascudo in Lençóis May 20, 2024.
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Pinho, Osmundo. “Race and Cultural Politics in Bahia.” In Oxford Research Encyclopedia
of Latin American History, 2020.